难点23　有章可循的主旨大意题 阅读中的主旨大意题主要是考查学生在阅读全文的基础上归纳总结文意的能力，然而，学生在阅读中常犯的毛病之一就是：只见树木，不见森林。 ●难点磁场 1.A World of Opportunity The New York Times is now better than ever. All the more reason to order home delivery now. NEW-SEPARATE sections for The Arts.Monday through Thursday,and Sports 7 days a week that you can pull out,take with you or pass along. NEW-The Dining In,Dining Out section,Wednesdays,a banquet (宴席) of great meals you can make yourself,order up or eat out. NEW-The House & Home section.Thursdays,filled with useful,interesting features and articles about making the most of all sorts of living spaces. NEW-An expanded,two-part Weekend section.Fridays,with more ideas about movies,shows, art exhibitions,outdoor and indoor recreations. Latest news and sports results daily.And of course,daily world and national news,Sunday’s special sections and all the other great features you’ll continue to find in The Times. Find out just how much YOU can benefit from The Times every day. Call 1-800-331-1969 or use the postage-paid order card to order convenient home delivery at 50% OFF our regular price. Question 1:The main idea of this advertisement is that ________. A.many opportunities will be provided just to those who order home delivery B.several new sections have been printed separately from now on C.readers can be well informed of the latest news and sports results D.people can pick up all the information they are interested in 2.Millions of people use contact lenses(隐形眼镜）.For anyone who doesn’t mind sticking his fingers in his eyes,there are clear advantages:contacts correct vision better than glasses,are less often crushed underfoot,don’t make you look boring,and come in a huge variety of forms——soft,firm,colored,and even theatrical. More and more people are turning to use of contact lenses.But are they safe? Latest research from Australia shows that not all chemicals are effective in killing all germs(细菌）——and some of these germs can cause blindness in just 24 hours. While most problems with contacts still can go back to poor hygiene(卫生）or overuse,not all sight-threatening conditions only happen to those who wash their lenses under the tap or decide,while tired and emotional,to sleep in their lenses for the third night running. Two of the biggest eye-damaging killers——protozoan acanthamoeba and bacteria pseudomonas——are all around us,in our homes and water supplies.This seemingly harmless pair can cause blindness through keratitis(disease of the cornea). “The cornea(角膜)is like a five-layered sandwich”,says Raymond Curran,a doctor from Omagh,Northern Ireland.“Once the bacteria get into a layer they can reproduce there and turn the cornea opaque(too dark to see through).” An optician(验光师）may see one possibly sight-threatening case each month,but at an eye hospital there may be several each week.Acanthamoeba,often seemingly mild,can be misjudged until it is too late.Meanwhile,pseudomonas,more seriously,can cause increasing sight loss with each hour that passes.If not treated immediately,patients may need a corneal replacement. And the really bad news,according to Professor Roger Buckley,at the Moorfields eye hospital in London,is that acanthamoeba is“one of the hardest germs on Earth”——it can survive in Antarctica. Question 2:In the passage the writer mainly wants to tell us ________. A.the possible danger of contacts B.the importance of keeping contacts clean C.some doctors’ opinions about contacts D.the advantages and disadvantages of contacts 3.With only about１000 pandas left in the world，China is desperately trying to clone(克隆) the animal and save the endangered species(物种)．That’s a move similar to what a Texas A＆M University researchers have been undertaking for the past five years in a project called “Noah’s Ark”． Noah’s Ark is aimed at collecting eggs，embryos(胚胎)，semen and DNA of endangered animals and storing them in liｑuid nitrogen．If certain species should become extinct，Dr．Duane Kraemer，a professor in Texas A＆M’s College of Veterinary Medicine，says there would be enough of the basic building blocks to reintroduce the species in the future． It is estimated that as many as 2 000 species of mammals，birds and reptiles will become extinct in over １00 years．The panda，native only to China，is in danger of becoming extinct in the next 25 years． This week，Chinese scientists said they grew an embryo by introducing cells from a dead female panda into the egg cells of a Japanese white rabbit．They are now trying to implant the embryo into a host animal． The entire procedure could take from three to five years to complete． “The nuclear transfer（核子移植)of one species to another is not easy，and the lack of available （capable of being used）panda eggs could be a major problem．”Kraemer believes．“They will probably have to do several hundred transfers to result in one pregnancy （having a baby）．It takes a long time and it’s difficult，but this could be groundbreaking science if it works．They are certainly not putting any live pandas at risk，so it is worth the effort，”adds Kraemer，who is one of the leaders of the Ｐroject at Texas A＆M，the first-ever attempt at cloning a dog． “They are trying to do something that’s never been done，and this is very similar to our work in Noah’s Ark．We’re both trying to save animals that face extinction．I certainly appreciate their effort and there’s a lot we can learn from what they are attempting to do．It’s a research that is very much needed”． Question 3:The best title for the passage may be　　　　 ． A．China’s Success in Pandas Cloning B．The First Cloned Panda in the World C．Exploring the Possibility to Clone Pandas D．China——the Native Place of Pandas Forever 4.American women experience a great variety of lifestyles. A “typical” American woman may be single . She may also be divorced or married. She may be a homemaker, a doctor, or a factory worker. It is very difficult to generalize about American. However, one thing that many American　women have in common is their attitude about themselves and their role in American life. Historically , American women have always been very independent . The first settlers to come to New England were of ten young couples who had left behind their extended family (i.e. their parents , sisters, cousins, etc.).The women were alone in a new, undeveloped country with their husbands. This had two important effects. First of all, this as yet uncivilized (未开化)environment (环境)demanded that every person share in developing it and in survival (生存).Women worked with their husbands and children to make themselves accepted in this new land. Second, because they were in a new land without the established (确定的)influence of older members of society , women felt free to step into nontraditional roles. This role of women was strengthened in later years as Americans moved west,again leaving family behind and meeting a new environment. Even later, in the East, as new settlers arrived , the women often found jobs more easily than men. Women became the supporters of the family. Within the established lifestyle of industrialized twentieth century America, the strong role of women was not as attractive as in the early days of the country. Some women were active outside the home; others were not. However , when American men went to war in the 1940s, women stepped into the men’s jobs as factory and business workers. After the war, some women stayed in these positions , and others left their jobs with a new sense of their own ability. Question 4:What is the main idea of this passage? A.Different life styles led by the American women. B.American women were free to step into nontraditional　roles. C.American women worked hard to establish their roles in American history D.American women were independent because they did not have to follow the regulations (rules)at all. ●案例探究 1.There are many famous museums throughout the world where people can enjoy art.Washington D.C.,the US,has the National Gallery of Art;Paris has the Louver,London,the British Museum.Florida International University(FIU) in Miami,the US also shows art for visitors to see.And it does so without a building,or even a wall for its drawings and paintings. FIU has opened what it says is the first computer art museum in the United States.You don’t have to visit the University to see the art.You just need a computer linked to a telephone. You can call the telephone number of a university computer and connect your own computer to it.All of the art is stored in the school computer.It is computer art,produced electronically by artists on their own computers.In only a few minutes,your computer can receive and copy all the pictures and drawings. Robert Shostak is director of the new computer museum.He says he started the museum because computer artists had no place to show their work. A computer artist could record his pictures electronically and send the records,or floppy discs,to others to see on their computers.He could also put his pictures on paper,of course.But to print good pictures on paper,the computer artist needed an expensive laser printer. Robert Shostak says the electronic museum is mainly for art or computer students in schools and universities.Many of the pictures in the museum are made by the students.Mr. Shostak said the FIU museum will make computer art more fun for computer artists because more people can see it.He says artists enjoy their work much more if they have an audience.And the great number of home computers in America could mean a huge audience for his electronic museum. Question:The main purpose of this text is to give information about ________. A.famous museums throughout the world B.an electronic art museum in Miami,U.S.A. C.art exhibitions in Florida International University D.latest development in computer art 命题意图：本题主要考查学生的归纳概括能力。 错解分析：本题错选C、D两项的学生较多，原因是只抓住了文章中的只言片语，而忽视了前两段文字在文中的作用及贯穿文章始终的museum一词。 解题方法与技巧：（1）通读全文，抓住每段文字的主旨大意，尤其是文章的前两段。第一段作者告诉我们全世界有许多著名的艺术博物馆；第二段主要讲Florida International University新开的电脑艺术博物馆。随后各段就这家博物馆的领导者及博物馆的运作做了说明。（2）运用排除法，将较具干扰性的C、D两项排除掉。C项错误在于art exhibitions;D项中只讲电脑艺术的最新发展，与文章的前两段无法相符，也没有呼应贯穿文章始终的“art museum”。 答案：B 2.NMET 2002 In 1901,H.G. Wells,an English writer,wrote a book describing a trip to the moon.When the explorers(探险者) landed on the moon,they discovered that the moon was full of underground cities.They expressed their surprise to the “moon people” they met.In turn,the “moon people” expressed their surprise.“Why,”they asked,“are you traveling to outer space when you don’t even use your inner space?” H.G. Wells could only imagine travel to the moon.In 1969,human beings really did land on the moon.People today know that there are no underground cities on the moon.However,the question that the “moon people” asked is still an interesting one.A growing number of scientists are seriously thinking about it. Underground systems are already in place.Many cities have underground car parks.In some cities,such as Tokyo,Seoul and Montreal,there are large underground shopping areas.The “Chunnel”,a tunnel(隧道) connecting England and France is now complete. But what about underground cities?Japan’s Taisei Corporation is designing a network of underground systems,called “Alice Cities”.The designers imagine using surface space for public parks and using underground space for flats,offices,shopping,and so on.A solar dome(太阳能穹顶) would cover the whole city. Supporters of underground development say that building down rather than building up is a good way to use the earth’s space.The surface,they say,can be used for farms,parks,gardens,and wildernes.H.G.Wells’ “moon people” would agree.Would you? Question:What would be the best title for the text? A.Alice Cities—cities of the future.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　B.Space travel with H.G. Wells. C.Enjoy living underground.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 D.Building down,not up. 命题意图：本题旨在考查学生的归纳概括能力，是一道主旨大意题。 错解分析：此题学生容易错选B项，原因是没有通览全篇，只抓住了文章的后半部分，尤其是第四段。 解题方法与技巧：（1）通览全文，抓首段大意。（2）文章开篇叙述了H.G. Wells在其科幻小说中的“月球人”询问月球探险者：“为什么地球人不利用地球内部空间而到地球外部空间旅行呢？”；接着下一段讲述越来越多的科学家正在认真思考这一问题；随后两段叙述underground systems的利用及日本underground cities的设计；然后再根据文章最后一段首句：“Supporters of underground development say that building down rather than building up is a good way to use the earth’s space”，可判断出此题答案。 答案：D ●锦囊妙计 1.通读全文，重视首段，注意每段第一句话（尤其是论述性或说明性文章）。 2.归纳文章的段落大意。把握文章总体。 3.重视重要情节、人物及事物特征。 4.注意观察，找准贯穿上下文的关键词汇。 5.重视题干中的关键词汇：main idea,the best title,the writer mainly wants to tell (or:show)… ●歼灭难点训练 A Human language is a living thing.Each language has its own biological system,which makes it different from all other language.This system must constantly adjust to a new environment and new situation to survive and flourish. When we think of human language this way,it is an easy step to see the words of a language as being like the cells of a living organism—they are constantly forming and dying and splitting into parts as time changes and the language adapts. There are several specific processes by which new words are formed.Some words come into the language which sound like what they refer to.Words like buzz and ding-dong are good examples of this process. Still another way in which new words are formed is to use the name of a person or a place closely associated with that word’s meaning.The words sandwich and hamburger are examples of this word-formation process.The Earl of sandwich,an English aristocrat(贵族),was so fond of gambling at cards that he hated to be interrupted by the necessity of eating.He thus invented a new way of eating while he continued his game at the gambling table.This quick and convenient dish is what we now call a sandwich—a piece of meat between two slices of bread.The hamburger became the best-known sandwich in the world after it was invented by a citizen of Hamburg in Germany. As long as a language is alive,its cells will continue to change,forming new words and getting rid of the ones that no longer have any use. 1.The passage is mainly about ________. A.the biological system of a living organism B.the inventors of sandwich and hamburger C.the development of human cells D.the changes of a language B The wedding took place in a Birmingham hotel. The bride and her father arrived in a new black American sports car. Her father looked nervous and uncomfortable in front of the cameras. The bride wore a silk wedding dress. She smiled nervously at the waiting photographers and went to a room on the first floor where she met her future husband for the very first time. Carla Germaine and Greg Cordell were the winners of a radio station’s competition. The aim of the competition was to find two strangers prepared to many without having met each other. Miss Germaine, 23, is a model. Mr. Cordell, 27, is a TV salesman. They were among the two hundred people who entered for a peculiar“experiment” organized by BMRB radio in Birmingham, England. Greg and Carla were among eight finalists who were interviewed live on radio. They took a lie detector(测谎仪) test and the station also spoke to their friends and family about their personalities. The competition judges included an astrologer(占星家) who declared that they were suited. The couple celebrated their wedding with a wedding breakfast and a party for 100 guests in the evening, but not everyone shared their joy. Miss Germaine’s mother looked anxious throughout the wedding and Mr. Cordell’s parents are reported to be less than delighted. Organizations, including the marriage guidance service Relate, have criticized the marriage. As one person put it, “We have enough problems getting young people to take marriage seriously without this. Marriage should always be about love.” The couple are now on a Caribbean honeymoon followed by journalists. Their other prizes include a year’s free use of a wonderful apartment in the centre of Birmingham, and a car. But will it last? 2.Which of the following is the best title of the passage? A.Two Strangers and a Wedding　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 B.A Wedding Based on Love C.A Short-Lived Marriage　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 D.A Well-Matched Couple C Since 1989, Dave Thomas, who died at age 69, was one of the most recognizable faces on TV. He appeared in more than 800 commercials (商业广告) for the hamburger chain named for his daughter. “As long as it works,” he said in 1991, “I’ll continue to do those commercials.” Even though he was successful, Thomas remained troubled by his childhood. “He still won’t let anyone see his feet, which are out of shape because he never had proper-fitting shoes.” Wendy said in 1993. Born to a single mother, he was adopted (收养) as a baby by Rex and Auleva Thomas of Kalamazoo in Michigan. After Auleva died when he was 5, Thomas spent years on the road as Rex traveled around seeking construction work. “He fed me,” Thomas said,“and if I got out of line, he’d beat me.” Moving out on his own at 15, Thomas worked, first as a waiter, in many restaurants. But he had something much better in mind, “I thought if I owned a restaurant,” he said,“I could eat for free.” A 1956 meeting with Harland Sanders led Thomas to a career as the manager of a Kentucky Fried Chicken restaurant that made him a millionaire in 1968. In 1969, after breaking with Sanders, Thomas started the first Wendy’s Old Fashioned Hamburgers, in Columbus, Ohio, which set itself apart by serving made-to-order burgers. With 6 000 restaurants worldwide, the chain now makes ＄6 billion a year in sales. Although troubled by his own experience with adoption, Thomas, married since 1954 to Lorraine, 66, and with four grown kids besides Wendy, felt it could offer a future for other children. He started the Dave Thomas Foundation (基金会) for Adoption in 1992.In 1993, Thomas, who had left school at 15, graduated from Coconut Greek High School in Florida. He even took Lorraine to the graduation dance party. The kids voted him Most Likely to Succeed. “The Dave you saw on TV was the real Dave,”says friend Pat Williams “He wasn’t a great actor or a great speaker. He was just Joe Everybody.” 3.What is the article mainly about? A.The life of Dave Thomas. B.The dream of Dave Thomas. C.The schooling of Dave Thomas. D.The growth of Dave Thomas’ business. D Tim Berners-Lee is the man who wrote the software programme that led to the foundation of the World Wide Web. Britain played an important part in developing the first generation of computers. The parents of Tim Berners-Lee both worked on one of the earliest commercial computers and talked about their work at home. As a child he would build models of computers from packaging materials. After graduating from Oxford University he went on to the real thing. In the 1980s scientists were already communicating using a primitive version(原始版本） of e-mail. While working at a laboratory in Switzerland, Tim Berners-Lee wrote a programme, which let him store these messages. This gave him another idea:write a programme that will let academics(学术界人士） from across the world share information on a single place. In 1990 he wrote the HTTP(服务程序所用的协议） and HTML(超文本链接标示语言） programmes which formed the basis of the World Wide Web. The next year his programmes were placed on to the Internet. Everyone was welcome to use them and improve them if they could. Programmers used his codes to work with different operating　systems. New things like web browers and search engines were developed. Between 1991 and 1994 the number of web pages rose from 10 to 100 000. In 1994 Tim Berners-Lee formed the newly formed World Wide Web Consortium, or W3C. More than 200 leading companies and laboratories are represented by W3C. Together they make sure that everyone can share equally on the web. “The web can help people to understand the way that others live and love. It helps us understand the humanity of people,” he says. 4.The main idea of this passage is ________. A.when the Internet came into being　　　　　　　　　 B.how Tim Berbers-Lee formed W3C C.why computers develop so rapidly　　　　　　　　　D.how the World Wide Web started E Reducing the use of cars during rush traffic hours will make the environment more livable.Unfortunately,our present living and working environments encourage the use of cars.But,the car is taking us down the road in lower-quality air.The exhaust(废气) from cars: —damaging the earth’s protective ozone layer and helping to cause the global warming; —causes as much as 50% of the smog-producing compounds and chemical rain in our atmosphere; —causes 60% of the carbon monoxide in our atmosphere. When you consider that the average person breathes in 9 000 quarts of air a day,you realize how important clean air is to human being. The government has spent billions of dollars to control car pollution.Yet,some big cities are still in violation(侵害) of public health standards that protect people from breathing poisonous air.The health care costs related to unclean air are huge. The traditional way of cleaning up what comes out of tailpipes has not done the job of getting rid of automobile emissions(散发物).Yet today’s cars produces far less pollution than models from the 1960’s.But there are now almost 51 million more cars on the road than there were in 1960,and drivers are traveling many more miles.As a result,cars are still the single largest source of city pollution today. If we are going to achieve clean air,we need to discourage car use by individuals,especially during rush driving hours. At the same time we reduce car use,we must also improve our public transportation system.If going to and from work by public transportation was convenient and cheap,people would use the system instead of using cars to drive to work. Yes,it will cost money to improve our public transportation system.But we now spend billions each year in controlling car emissions without much success.Giving some of that money to public transportation would be a small price to pay for cleanest air. Unless we do something to reduce car use and get people to use public transportation,our love affair with the car will be the death of our environment. 5.What is the main idea of the passage? A.Car use needs to be discouraged. B.Clean air is only possible if we reduce car use during rush hours. C.Car use is causing problems with the ozone layer creating poisonous gases. D.The government spends billions of dollars controlling the pollution coming from cars. F After 78 years in the UK,the Dutch clothing retailer (零售商) has closed shop for the last time.But C & A is not alone.In the past week the best known names on British high streets-Marks & Spencer,Boots and littlewoods—have announced some of their worst ever trading figures. The downturn is not a case of belt tightening.Although there are fears of a recession(衰退),UK consumer (消费者) spending has set new records in the past year.Experts say the sudden fall is the result of a revolution that is changing almost every side of British lives. Mr.and Mrs.UK Average are throwing out the everyday and trading up to the finer things in life.Consumers are declaring an end to all things ordinary.The good taste revolution has swept the country with remarkable speed.Sales of once popular fashions (时髦) are dropping quickly.Just three years ago Marks & Spencer was the UK’s favorite.People now consider the fashions “ordinary”. Yet just 100 yards (91 metres) from the empty aisles (通道) in London’s Oxford Street,the story is different.Burberry enjoyed a 35 per cent increase in sales income in the last three months of last year.Gucci saw its sales rise 25 per cent.Armani reported 20 per cent growth.Demand for the logo-print(商标) at Louis Vuitton cannot be satisfied immediately.And growth is not only limited to the wealthy Southeast. Experts say Britain has moved from a “good enough” culture to “good taste”culture.Almost everywhere you look—from clothes,to food and drink,to cars,to home furnishings,to holidays—Britons are buying into a life less ordinary. Rising wealth is driving the revolution.New research shows that the average UK household（family） is 40 per cent better off than in 1986.“In the past only those with money and time on their hands were able to devote energy to the search for tasteful living,”says Martin Harward,a director at the Henley Center.“But as incomes rise and free time increases,the privileged(wealthy) many are living higher.More middle-class consumers are developing a sense of their own self-image　through what they buy.” 6.What is the most proper title for the　passage? A.Income Increasing in Britain　　　　　　　　　　B.Revolution Changing the World C.Britains Going High Fashion　　　　　　　　　　D.Sales in Britain Going Down G All of us eat every day,but most of us don’t understand nutrition(营养).How much do you know about good nutrition?Are the following statements true or false? 1.People who don’t eat meat can stay healthy. True.As long as people eat enough milk,eggs and meat alternates(替代物),they can get enough protein(蛋白质). 2.Fresh vegetables cooked at home are always more nutritious than canned vegetables. False.The difference depends more on how vegetables are prepared than whether they are fresh or canned.Vegetables cooked in too much water can lose a large quantity of vitamins. 3.Food eaten between meals can be just as good for health as food eaten at regular meals. True.Nutritional value depends on what types of food you eat,not when you eat them.Eating an egg or an orange between meals can contribute to a good diet. 4.Taking extra vitamins beyond the recommended daily allowances won’t give you more energy. True.It’s widely believed that extra vitamins provide more energy.But taking more than the body needs doesn’t make if function better,just as overfilling your gas tank doesn’t make your car run better. 5.Natural vitamins are better supplements(补充) for the diet than synthetic vitamins. False.There is no difference.A vitamin has the same properties(性质) and specific chemical structure whether made in a laboratory or taken from plant or animal parts. 6.Older people need the same amount of vitamins as younger people. True.Older people need the same quantity of vitamins as younger people although they need fewer calories.Certain illnesses raise the requirements for some vitamins,but that is true for the young as well as the old. 7.Food grown in poor soil is lower in vitamins than food grown in rich soil. False.The vitamins in our foods are made by the plants themselves.They don’t come from the soil.However,the minerals in a plant depend on the minerals in the soil. If you have answered these questions correctly,you can say you know much about food and nutrition by today’s standards.But remember that nutrition is growing science and that it may be aged as new information is obtained. 7.The main purpose of the passage is to ________. A.list today’s standards of some food and nutrition B.introduce what should be eaten and what not C.explain what is helpful to your health and what is not D.test our nutrition IQ by judging the problems listed H In a society such as the United States or Canada, which has many national, religious and cultural differences, people highly value individualism—the differences among people. Teachers place a lot of importance on the qualities that make each student special. The educational systems in these countries show these values. Students do not memorize information. Instead, they work on their own and find answers themselves. There is often discussion in the classroom. At an early age, students learn to form their own ideas and opinions. In most Asian societies, by contrast, the people have the same language, history and culture. Perhaps for this reason, the educational system in these Asian countries reflects society’s belief in group goals and purposes rather than individualism. Children in China, Japan, and Korea often work together and help one another on assignments(作业). There are advantages and disadvantages to both of these systems of education. For example, one advantage to the system in Japan is that students there learn much more math and science than American students learn by the end of high school. They also study more hours each day and more days each year than North Americans do. The system is difficult, but it prepares students for a society that values discipline(纪律)and self-control.There is,however, a disadvantage. Memorization is an important learning method in Japanese schools, yet many students say that after an exam, they forget much of the information that they have memorized. The advantage of the educational system in North America, on the other hand, is that students learn to think for themselves. The system prepares them for a society that values creative ideas. There is, however, a disadvantage. When students graduate from high school, they haven’t memorized as many basic rules and facts as students in other countries have. 8.In this passage the author mainly discusses ________. A.how Western school systems mirror the value of individualism B.the advantages and disadvantages of the two educational systems C.what Asian schools should do to make students more creative D.the differences in culture, religion, etc. between the East and West 难点24　不可臆断的推理题 此类题目，要求学生在通篇理解文章的基础上，依据文章提供的事实，将各种信息加以分析，从而得出正确的结论，切不可站在自己的立场上凭空臆断。 ●难点磁场 1.In July 1994 Jupiter, the largest planet in our solar system, was struck by 21 pieces of comet(彗星). When the fragments(碎片)landed in the southern part of the giant planet, the explosions were watched by scientists here on earth. But what if our own planet was hit by a comet? The year is 2094. It has been announced that a comet is heading towards the Earth. Most of it will miss our planet, but two fragments will probably hit the southern part of the Earth. The news has caused panic. On 17 July, a fragment four kilometers wide enters the Earth’s atmosphere with a huge explosion. About half of the fragment is destroyed. But the major part survives and hits the South Atlantic at 200 times the speed of sound. The sea boils and an enormous wave is created and spreads. The wall of water rushes towards southern Africa at 800 kilometres an hour. Cities on the African coast are totally destroyed and millions of people are drowned. The wave moves into the Indian Ocean and heads towards Asia. Millions of people are already dead in the southern part of the Earth, but the north won’t escape for long. Tons of broken pieces are thrown into the atmosphere by the explosions. As the sun is hidden by clouds of dust, temperatures around the world fall to almost zero. Crops are ruined. Wars break out as countries fight for food. A year later civilization has collapsed. No more than 10 million people have survived. Could it really happen? In fact, it has already happened more than once in the history of the Earth. The dinosaurs(恐龙)were on the Earth for over 160 million years. Then 65 million years ago they suddenly disappeared. Many scientists believe that the Earth was hit by a space fragment. The dinosaurs couldn’t survive in the cold climate that followed and they became extinct. Will we meet the same end? Question 1:It can be concluded that the passage is most probably part of a(n) ________. A.horror story　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　B.news report C.research paper 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　D.article of popular science 2.The tower of Big Ben London’s most famous building,has always leaned (倾斜) slightly, but construction work on a new line for the London Underground seemed likely to give the tower a real lean. Engineers have had to prop up (支撑) its base to prevent it from damaging the rest of the Houses of Parliament. To control the tower’s movement, engineers pumped grout (水泥浆) into the soil under the tower. The tower now leans an extra few centimetres, but the lean can only be seen by the most sharp-eyed observer. Between 1995 and 1997, to lengthen the Jubilee line of the Underground, builders dug a 40-metre-deep hole just 31 metres north of the clock tower. And the new tube (underground) tunnels were even nearer to the tower. John Burland, who recently helped stop the increasing lean in the Leaning Tower of Pisa and was an adviser to the Jubilee line project, believed the work would affect the tower. In his opinion, no further lean should go beyond a safety limit of 27.5 millimetres over the existing lean of 220 millimetres. To keep the lean within this limit, Burland told the British Association about the new method of pumping grout immediately under the base of the tower. More than 300 tons of grout were pumped in during construction. The tower’s, additional lean went between 10 and 25 millimetres, but never passed 27.5 millimetres. After the construction work was completed in late 1997, a review of movements in nearby walls showed that the building was in better shape than had been thought before and the safety limit was raised to 35 millimetres before any action needs to be taken. Since 1997,the tower has continued to lean, Burland told Modern Construction.The latest measurements, taken this year, suggest that the tower’s lean had just reached 35 millimetres. But following regular re-examinations of the tower, experts are sure that the tower has stabilised (稳定). A spokesman for London Underground says: “We understand the tower has stabilised and returned to its normal movement cycle.” From Modern Construction, 16 September 2000 Question 2:We can infer from the article that________. A.the tower of Big Ben with damage the Houses of Parliament B.the Jubilee line should be stopped in Burland’s opinion C.the writer is blaming Burland for making a mistake D.the propping up work has proved to be successful 3.The use of the word imitation(模仿）reminds me that we ought to make some more comments on the risk of people imitating what they see on the screen in the way of crime(犯罪）or violence.First there was always a risk of children acting out scenes which could be dangerous.For example,I remember a woman who was head of a middle school telling me that she had happened to look out of her window when the children were in the playground and had seen them putting a small boy on a chair with a rope round his neck and the rope over the branch of a tree;fortunately she was in time to get there before the child was hung.I remember a film in particular in which the hero who was imprisoned had escaped by electrocuting(通电触死）his guard,the technique of doing this being shown in detail.This was the kind of scene which we could cut for these reasons. In films for young people and adults we always tried to keep off the screen any details of criminal techniques,such as how to open a locked door with a piece of hard plastic or how to open a safe;if we were consulted(请教）before production,I used to advise that the details should not be shown.When I gave talks in prisons about film checking I had full support for this ,since fathers who were in prison for criminal offences did not want their children to get on crime. Every time I gave a talk in a prison someone used to mention the French film Rififi made by Jules Dassin in 1954.This remarkable film showed in great detail a robbery of a jeweller’s shop,the robbery lasting about half an hour and being backed only by natural sound…one of the most brilliant film sequences(连续镜头）of all time.I remember our discussions at the time.We thought that the robbery was finished only with the use of advanced and obviously expensive equipment and that only the most experienced and skilled criminals could possible imitate it;we believed therefore that it was relatively safe.When talking in prisons some years later I learned that there had been several robberies in which the techniques had been copied,so perhaps we were wrong. Question 3:It can be inferred from the passage that________. A.it is hard for the children to tell the differences between real life and the imaginary B.only the people in prison supported film checking C.only children imitated what they had seen on the screen D.the writer used to advise the details of crime should be shown 4.The next time you try for a high-ranking post, you could let your possible boss listen to a recommending(推荐） phone call “made” by US President George W. Bush or British Prime Minister Tony Blair. Of course, neither of them could really do that for you—you would just“borrow” their voices. At & T labs will start selling speech software that it says is so good at reproducing the sounds of a human voice that it can recreate voices and even bring the voices of long-dead famous people back to life. The software, which turns printed text into speech, makes it possible for a company to use recordings of a person’s voice to say things that the person never actually said. Possible customers for the software, which is priced in the thousands of dollars, include telephone call centres, companies that make software that reads digital(数字的） files aloud, and makers of automated voice devices(装置）. The advances raise several problems. Who, for example, owns the rights to a famous person’s voice?(Some experts even believe that new contracts(合同） will be drawn that include voice-licensing clauses.) And although scientists say the technology is not yet good enough to commit fraud(假冒）, would the synthesized(合成的）voices at last be able to trick people into thinking that they were getting phone calls or digital audio recordings from people they know? Even Mr Fruchterman, one of AT& T lab’s possible first customers, said he wondered what the new technology might bring. “Just like you can’t trust a photograph anymore.” he said, “you won’t be able to trust a voice either.” Question 4:According to the passage, you can infer that ________. A.the software will turn out to be an immediate success in the market B.the government will forbid the sale of the software in the market C.it’s hard to decide whether the software will enjoy popularity D.the software will soon prove to be nothing but rubbish ●案例探究 1. Grossroads International How does Grossroads work? Crossroads is a resource network. We take goods Hong Kong doesn’t want and give them to people who badly need them.We collect those goods and give them out in the welfare arena(福利院)in Hong Kong,Mainland China,elsewhere in Asia,Eastern Europe and Africa.So Crossroads is just that:a Crossroads between need and resource. Who do we help? The welfare agencies we help do not run on large budgets(预算).They are grass-root groups who have seen a need and tried to meet it.They can’t get the job done without back-up,though,so our task is to help them do their task.Our warehouse is full of goods,from computers to high chairs,clothing to books,stationery to medical provision,cupboards to dining sets.They send us a list of their needs and we try to match it with the resource we have in stock. How do we operate? Crossroads itself also operates on a low budget.We do not buy the goods we send.They are donated(捐赠).Similarly,rather than raising funds for freight(货运),we ask transport companies to donate their services.Nobody in our organization receives a salary.Even our full-time staff work on a voluntary basis. Those that donate goods and services: ●Factories　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 ●Manufacturers ●Hospitals　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 ●Hotels ●Educational Institutions　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 ●Householders ●Transport Companies　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 ●Offices ●Other Charities One resource that we are always in need of is people.While we receive large quantities of goods and there is never a short supply of requests for them,we are always in need of hands to help sort and prepare them for shipping. What can I do? We are always in need of people.We have a lot of tasks.If you are volunteering regularly,we can offer work in some of the following categories,some of the time.You are welcome to number your top three choices and we will do our best to accommodate(提供) them. ●Clothing categorization　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 ●Sewing ●Toy categorization　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　●Furniture handling ●Book categorization　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　●Driving ●Household goods categorization　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 ●Office work ●Electrical goods categorization　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 ●Book keeping ●Stationery categorization　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 ●Fund-raising ●Medical categorization Where to find us All volunteer work is done at our warehouse: Located in Basement Zone M of the Kai Tak Government Building Our warehouse hours: Tues~Sat,10am~5:３0pm Postal Address: 16 Man Tong,Silvermine Bay,Lantau Island, Hong Kong Ｏffice details: Ph:29849３09  2７40965７ Fax:2984７452 E-mail: Question:From the above brochure,we can conclude that________. A.people who work at Crossroads get low pay from it B.Crossroads doesn’t give goods directly to the people who need them C.you can do whatever you like if you offer help at Crossroads D.Crossroads has collected more goods than needed 命题意图：本题旨在考查学生选取有用信息进行推理判断的能力。 错解分析：本题错选的原因主要在于对选项的理解不准确，以及对文章中的有关信息研读不细致。 解题方法与技巧：（1）仔细阅读题干，准确理解conclude一词的准确含义（即：推断，得出结论）。（2）仔细研读选项，把握其准确意思，从文章中选取相关信息，与此对照，去伪存真。（3）文章首段告诉我们“We collect those goods and give them out in the welfare arena in Hong Kong…”，第二段作者又叙述道：福利院将人们的需求列成清单报给Crossroads,Crossroads负责配齐这些物品，由此可见，Crossroads doesn’t give goods directly to the people who need them。 答案：B 2.When I opened my e-mail the other day,a pretty woman named Rachel appeared on my computer screen.She greeted me by name and started talking with great enthusiasm(热情).Every now and then she stopped to smile at me or blow a kiss.She was reading to me an e-mail from my brother,and a lot of it was about the trouble he had getting the phone company to give him a high-speed Internet connection.It was pretty cool. Rachel was there thanks to a new technology called Facemail.Facemail lets you send e-mail that gets read to the recipient(收件人) by an attractive male or female form or by a clown(小丑).The software,which is free,can be downloaded at www.facemail.com. Facemail faces are lifelike,and they simulate(模拟) emotions based on emotions—for example—that you put　in your text.Type in:-X,and Rachel blows a kiss. Life FX,the company that develops the Facemail,is sure there are broad business uses.The reason e-business is not popular,the company says,is that buying over the Internet lacks the human touch.But what if you went to the Nike website and Michael Jordan greeted you by name,waited on you and personally closed the sale?And it is talking with Whirpool(惠尔普公司) about using the technology in a computer screen on a fridge.Then if Mom can’t be home when the kids get back from school,she can leave a note with voice and image telling them what there is to eat. Facemail could get hot fast.Personally,I’m a fan.But Facemail should be used with care.The clown looks lively and funny at first.But if you select the clown,put a few rude words in an e-mail and add some angry emotions,you’ve got psychomail(疯人型电子邮件). Question:We can infer from the passage that Facemail ________. A.is likely to be used in other aspects(方面) of our daily life B.can destroy your e-mail if not properly used C.can be downloaded free of charge D.will take the place of the e-mail system 命题意图：考查推理判断能力。 错题分析：本题错选B、C项的学生较多。主要原因是文章研读不细和只重事实不重推理。 解题方法与技巧：（1）准确理解题干的关键词汇“infer”，意为“推断出”，故所选答案不可以是文章所列事实，以此可排除C项。（2）准确理解B项含义：如果使用不当，Facemail会毁坏你的e-mail。在文章中找出相对应的语句：But if you select the clown,put a few rude words in an e-mail and add some angry emotions,you’ve got psychomail(疯人型电子邮件)。此句含义并非Facemail can destroy your e-mail。（3）根据尾段前两句话Facemail could get hot(流行) fast.Personally,I’m a fan,以及文章前部分对Facemail用途的描述，可得出答案。 答案：A ●锦囊妙计 1.仔细阅读题干，抓住关键词汇。例：infer,conclude,imply,suggest,… 2.仔细研读选项，把握其准确意思，从文章选取相关信息，与此对照，去伪存真。 3.站在作者立场思考，把握作者意图，切忌推己及人，凭空臆断。 4.注重依据事实推断，不可简单选择和文中某一事实完全相同的选项。 ●歼灭难点训练 A I’m afraid to grow old—we’re all afraid .In fact, the fear of growing old is so great that every aged person is an insult(伤害）and a threat to society .They remind us of our own death,that our body won’t always remain smooth and responsive(敏感的）, but will some day betray(暴露） us by aging. The ideal way to age would be to grow slowly invisible, gradually disappearing, without causing worry or discomfort to the young. In some ways that does happen. Sitting in a small park across from a nursing home one day, I noticed that young mothers and their children gathered on the “wrong” side, chasing(追逐） a ball or just trying to cover all the available space, the old people would lean forward and smile. But before any communication could be established(开始）, the mother would come over, making embarrassed(尴尬) apologies, and take her child back to the “young” side. Now, it seemed to me that the children didn’t feel any particular fear and the old people didn’t seem to be threatened by the children. The division of space was drawn by the mothers. And the mothers never looked at the old people who lined the other side of the park. These well dressed young women had a way of sliding(忽视） their eyes over, around, through the old people; they never looked at them directly. The old people may as well have been invisible, they offended(冒犯） the aesthetic(审美的） eye of the mothers. My early experiences were somewhat different; since I grew up in a small town, my childhood had more of a nineteenth century flavor(特点）. I knew a lot of old people, and considered some of their friends. 1.It can be inferred that young mothers would try to keep their children away from the old because ________. A.they feared their children might hurt the old B.they didn’t like their children to take up the space belonging to the old C.they felt it was wrong to play balls near where the old stayed D.they didn’t want their children to have anything to do with the old B In spite of the strong opposition to new and stricter environmental laws,however,it is still possible to attack the problem of chemical pollution;but we must attack it from three directions.First,we need more independent research into the effects of chemicals by scientists who are not paid by the government or by the large industrial companies.Second,scientists need to educate the general public and inform them about the dangers of chemicals in the environment.If the public knows that a certain chemical threatens the health of their childen,then they will put pressure on politicians in local and national governments.If the politicians want to remain in office,they will take action to correct the situation.Third,economists need to educate governments about the long-term economic costs of chemicals.It will be extremely expensive to clean areas of land which are polluted by chemicals;it will be even more costly to give medical treatment to people who are suffering from serious illnesses after exposure to dangerous chemicals.If governments realize this,the short-term economic benefits of chemicals will seem much less attractive to them. If we can put pressure on governments in these three ways,perhaps they will begin to behave more responsibly（有责任心地）,and they will perhaps pass new laws against pollution and enforce them strictly.Perhaps,then,the chemical producers will begin to behave more responsibly. 2.Which of the following can be inferred from this passage? A.The economy is more important to government than people’s health is. B.Governments think chemicals　brings them more economic benefits than economic cost. C.The public knows enough about the dangers of chemical pollution. D.The governments fully realize the long-term economic costs of chemical pollution. C Vincent Van Gogh was an important painter of the 19th century.He was born in Holland,but he lived much of his life in France.He was a very emotional man,and there was much suffering in his life. His style of painting was very different from classical art.He painted pictures of the sunny,hot regions of France.He looked for interesting shapes and exciting colors.He liked to work freely and quickly.There is fast movement in many of his paintings.Sometimes the trees look like fire.The sun,moon,and stars move rapidly in the sky.He also painted pictures of people. Paul Gauguin was another 19th century painter.He was French and a friend of Van Gogh.Before he became an artist,Gauguin had been a businessman for many years.He made a lot of money and he liked to buy modern,paintings. At the age of 35 Gauguin decided to become a painter himself.Money had become too important to many people.Gauguin wanted to discover more important things about man.He went to a different Part of France to live with the farmers.He painted pictures of French country people there.Two years later he went to live in a small place in the Pacific Ocean,thousands of miles from France.He wanted to learn about the simple life there.His most famous and interesting paintings were painted at that time. 3.What can you infer from the article? A.The classical art is much too dull and lifeless. B.Both of the two artists learned a lot from the classical art. C.Both of the two artists had a very hard life,especially suffered from poverty(穷困). D.The classical art has been the aim of the two artists. D In many countries today,laws protect wildlife.In India the need for such protection was realized centuries ago. About 300 BC an Indian writer described forests that were somewhat like national parks today.The killing of game beasts was carefully supervised.Some animals were fully protected.Within the forest,nobody was allowed to cut trees,burn wood for charcoal,or trap animals for their furs.Animals that became dangerous to human visitors were trapped or killed outside the park,so that other animals would not become uneasy. The need for wildlife protection is greater now than ever before.About a thousand species of animals are in danger of extinction,and the rate at which they are being destroyed has increased.With mammals,for instance,the rate of extinction is now about one species every year;from AD 1 to 1800,the rate was about one species every fifty years.Everywhere,men are trying to solve the problem for preserving wildlife while caring for the world’s growing population. 4.Which of the following statements is implied but not stated? A.The growth of the world’s population has meant greater danger to wildlife. B.About a thousand species of animals are in danger of dying out. C.The rate of extinction of mammals is lower now than it was from AD 1 to 1800. D.Hunters who kill endangered species are severely punished by law. E After entering the WTO,China will enjoy the most favored nation status as a member country.This will enable China’s products to enter foreign markets at a lower tax.After joining the WTO,China has to carry out the WTO’s rules and open its home markets;this will help further improve the investment （投资）environment and strengthen the appeal（吸引力）of Chinese markets to foreign investment.It is conducive（有利的）to speeding the readjustment of our industrial structure.And it helps continue deepening China’s economic restructuring（改进）. It helps China to take part in the formulation of new rules of international trade,protecting China’s rights and interests and raising China’s international status. Of course,in joining the WTO,China will have to take up some duties,this will surely bring certain pressure and challenge to us. Firstly,further opening the market will cause some domestic products,enterprises and industries to face stronger competition. Secondly,China’s foreign economic and trade management will,to a certain extent,be restricted by the WTO rules. In looking at the advantages and disadvantages of China’s joining the WTO,we cannot base ourselves on one or several industries,instead we should keep an eye on the development of the entire economy.Looking upon the matter from the entire industry,entry into the WTO will bring to China’s industries greater opportunities than its side effects.Most Chinese industries will gain more opportunities for development. To ordinary people,entry into the WTO means cheaper foreign goods.At present,some imported goods are very expensive because our country collects very nigh taxes on them.After entry into the WTO,these taxes will be cut down gradually so that it will force down the prices of imported goods coming into China.Home customers will benefit greatly.But it is not wise to hope that all foreign goods will become cheap overnight.In fact,according to the WTO agreement,there is a period of time during which some important but underdeveloped industries are protected so that they will not be destroyed by the rush of cheaper foreign goods.The car industry is a good example.It is believed that during the first few years after China’s entry into the WTO,the prices of cars will remain comparatively stable （稳定）. 5.It is implied but not said directly that ________ after joining the WTO. A.some industries will not develop because of strong competition B.China’s foreign trade will be restricted by the WTO rules C.China’s car industry will develop fast D.ordinary people can buy cheaper goods F We welcome you aboard the Finnair Flight and will do our best to make your trip comfortable and enjoyable. For your safety and convenience To begin the trip , we would like to draw your attention to some safety—related details. These are also explained on the instruction card in the seat pocket in front of you.Seat belts must remain fastened while the “Fasten seatbelts”sign is on.It is advisable to keep them fastened at all times while seated . All flights are non-smoking . The use of mobile telephones is now allowed when the airplane is on the ground and “the fasten seatbelts”sign is turned off. During the flight the use of CD and DVD players is now allowed. For your entertainment To help you enjoy your trip, we provide a range of newspapers on international flights . On our MD—11 and Boeing aircraft,we are also pleased to provide music and video programs. On Airbus A321/320/319,aircraft route maps and short videos are shown. Details of entertainment programs available on MD—11 aircraft are shown on the separate“On the Air” brochure located in your seat pocket. For your children Special reading material is provided for children and no longer flights there are also audio and video programs for them. On long-distance flights, first-time flyers between the ages of 2 and 15 can join our Finnair Junior Plus Club. Meals and drinks During most flights we serve you a tasty meal with drinks to accompany it . Beer, wine and other drinks are served free of charge.Coffee , tea and juice are served free of charge on all domestic flights of over 35 minutes. On domestic flights leaving before nine and on all flights to northern Finland, a snack is served. We value your opinion. In this magazine you’ll find a special form for your comments about our service.Kindly return the form to our crew or any Finnair office . It will be forwarded directly to the appropriate department . You can also fax it (+358-(0)89819—7729)or send your comments by e-mail to Our crew is pleased to answer your questions during the flight whenever possible. 6.You may find this passage in ________. A.a newspaper　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　B.a book C.a magazine 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　D.an official document G Looking back on my childhood,I realize that naturalists are born and not made.Although we were all brought up in the same way,my brothers and sisters soon gave up their pressed flowers and insects.Unlike them,I had no ear for music and languages.I was not an early reader and I could not do mental arithmetic. Before World War Ⅰ we spent our summer holidays in Hungary.I have only the unclear memory of the house we lived in,of my room and my toys .Nor do I recall clearly the large family of grandparents,aunts,uncles and cousins who gathered next door. But I do have a clear memory of the dogs,the farm animals,the local birds,and above all,the insects. I am a naturalist,not a scientist.I have a strong love of the natural world and my eagerness has led me into varied studies or research.I love discussing my favorite topics and enjoy burning the midnight oil while reading about other people’s observations and discoveries.Then something happens that brings these observations together in my sensible mind.Suddenly you imagine you see the answer to the puzzling question,because it all seems to fit together.This has resulted in my publishing 300 papers and books,which some might honor with the title of scientific research. But curiously,a sharp eye,a good memory and enjoyment of the animal and plant worlds do not make a scientist;one of the best-known and important qualities required is self-training,a quality I lack.A scientist requires not only self-discipline but hard training,determination and a goal.A scientist,up to a point,can be made.A naturalist is born.If you can combine the two,you get the best of both. 7.It can be inferred from the passage that the author was ________. A.a scientist as well as a naturalist　 　　　　　　　　 B.a naturalist as well as a scientist C.no more than a born naturalist　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　D.first of all a scientist H There is probably no field of human activity　in which our values and lifestyles are shown more clearly and strongly than they are in the clothes that we choose to wear.The dress of an individual is a kind of “sign language ” that communicates a set of information and is usually the basis on which immediate impressions are formed.Traditionally,a concern for clothes was considered to be an affair of females,while men took pride in the fact that they were completely lacking in clothes consciousness(意识). This type of American culture is by degrees　changing as man dress takes on greater variety and color.Even as early as 1955,a researcher in Michigan said that men attached rather high importance to the value of clothing in daily life.White-collar- workers in particular viewed dress as a symbol(象征) of ability,which could be used to impress or influence others,especially in the work situation.The white-collar worker was described as extremely concerned about the impression his clothing made on his superiors(上司).Although blue-collar workers were less aware(察觉到的) that they might be judged on the basis of their clothing,they recognized that any difference from the accepted pattern of dress would be made fun of by fellow workers. Since that time,of course,the patterns have changed:the typical office worker may now be wearing the blue shirt,and the laborer a white shirt;but the importance of dress has not become less.Other researchers in recent years have helped to prove its importance in the lives of individuals at various age levels and in different social and economic status groups(阶层). 8.The passage mainly suggests that ________. A.now men pay more attention to their clothes than women do B.women always like beautiful dresses C.people have paid more and more attention to the importance of dress D.American culture is changing greatly 难点25　依赖语境的词义猜测题 猜测词义题要求学生根据以往所学知识，对上下文的理解及自身的生活经验等猜测生词意义或仅从字面无法确认其意义的短语的准确含义，是阅读理解题中的难点。 ●难点磁场 1.Mental health care in China has dramatically improved over the last 10 years,according to experts. Increasing numbers of urban Chinese are today seeking counselling on a wide range of issues related to mental health. “We receive more than 120 visitors a day right now—20 per cent up over that of 1998,”said Zhang Haiyin,chief doctor with the Shanghai Mental Health Centre.Ten years ago,the centre received 70 to 80 visitors a week. To accommodate the growing number of patients,the clinic has had to extend its service from five days to seven days a week. Most of the counselling focuses on problems to do with education,employment,family life,relationships as well as mental distress,trouble and insomnia.White-collar workers are the major recipients of counselling,accounting for 30 percent of total patients,said Zhang. “The growing visits indicate Chinese people pay more attention to their quality of life.They have a better understanding that mental health is as improtant as physical well-being.” Chen Zhigang,an employee of a foreign-funded consulting firm in Beijing,felt depressed and was encouraged by friends to seek mental health counselling.The doctor found he was suffering as a result of workplace pressure and competition.After several months of treatment,he was back to full health. “Mental health counselling helped reduce my pressure,”said Chen. But many people are still reluctant to use counselling services.Zhu Chengyi,a railway worker from Shanghai,is unwilling to seek help. “I will not go for it.It is too embarrassing for me,”said Zhu.“How can I tell my colleagues and family that I am seeking mental health counselling?They would think I was crazy.” Zhang said a lack of information about mental health care prevented the grown of services in China. He said a standardized training system was required to make sure all mental health doctors were properly trained. “In Western countries,mental health counselling has a wide range of methods for consultation and treatment.We need to improve　our training to upgrade our services.” Question:1.The underlined word “extend” in Paragraph 4 means ________. A.pay attention to　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 B.feel like doing C.enlarge and lengthen 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　D.reduce 2.Professor Reason recently persuaded 35 people to keep a diary of all their absent-minded actions for two weeks. When he came to analyse their embarrassing errors, he was surprised to find that nearly all of them fell into a few groups. One of the women, for instance, on leaving her house for work one morning threw her pet dog cer ear-rings and tried to fix a dog biscuit on her car. “The explanation for this is that the brain is like a computer,” explains the professor. “People programme themselves to do certain activities regularly. It was the woman’s custom every morning to throw her dog two biscuits and then put on her ear-rings. But somehow the action got reversed(颠倒) in the programme.” About one in twenty of the incidents the volunteers reported were these“Programme assembly failure.” Twenty per cent of all errors were “test failures”—primarily due to not verifying the progress of what a body was doing. A man about to get his car out of the garage passed through the back yard where his garden jacket and boots were kept, put them on—much to his surprise. A woman victim reported: “I got into the bath with my socks on.” The commonest problem was information “storage failures”. People forgot the names of people whose faces they knew, went into a room and forgot why they were there, mislaid something, or smoked a cigarette without realizing it. The research so far suggests that while the “central processor” of the brain is liberated from second-to-second control of a well-practised routine, it must repeatedly switch back its attention at important decision points to check that the action goes on as intended. Otherwise the activity may be “captured” by another frequently and recently used programme, resulting in embarrassing errors. Questions:2.The word “verifying” in Paragraph 3 can be replaced by ________. A.improving 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 B.changing C.checking 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　D.stopping 3.According to the passage, the information “storage failures” refer to ________. A.the destruction of information collecting system B.the elimination of one’s total memory C.the temporary loss of part of one’s memory D.the separation of one’s action from consciousness 3.One of the greatest killers in the Western world is heart disease. The death rate (率) from the disease has been increasing at an alarming speed for the past thirty years. Today in Britain, for example, about four hundred people a day die of heart disease. Medical experts know that people can reduce their chances of getting heart disease by exercising regularly, by not smoking, by changing their diets, and by paying more attention to reducing stress (压力) in their work. However, Western health-care systems are still not paying enough attention to the prevention of the disease. There is a need for more programs to educate the public about the causes and prevention of heart disease. Instead of supporting such programs, however, the U. S. health-care system is spending large sums of money on the surgical (外科的) treatment of the disease after it develops. This emphasis (强调) on treatment clearly has something to do with the technological advances that have taken place in the past ten to fifteen years. In this time, modern technology has enabled doctors to develop new surgical techniques. Many operations that were considered impossible or too risky (有风险的) a few years ago are now performed every day in U.S. hospitals. The result has been a huge increase in heart surgery. Although there is no doubt that heart surgery can help a large number of people, some people point out that the emphasis on the surgical treatment of the disease has three clear disadvantages. First, it attracts interest and money away from the question of prevention. Second, it causes the costs of general hospital care to rise. After hospitals buy the expensive equipment that is necessary for modern heart surgery, they must try to recover the money they have spent. To do this, they raise costs for all their patients, not just those patients whose treatment requires the equipment. The third disadvantage is that doctors are encouraged to perform surgery-even on patients for whom an operation is unnecessary—because the equipment and expert skills are there. A government office recently stated that major heart surgery was often performed even though its chances of success were low. In one type of heart surgery, for example, only 15 percent of patient improved their conditions after the surgery. However, more than 100 000 of these operations are performed in the United States every year. Question:4.“To do this” (in Paragraph 3) means ________. A.to help patients recover B.to increase the number of heart surgeries C.to get back the money spent on the equipment D.to buy new equipment for the treatment of heart disease 4.Some of the best-known names in the entertainment industry have taken part in an unprecedented telethon to help victims of the terrorist attacks in the United States. The benefit (义演）,called“America:a Tribute to Heroes,”was sponsored by all four major U.S. television networks,ABC,CBS,FOX and NBC.It was broadcast by three-dozen television,cable and radio networks across the country and aired live to more than a hundred countries around the world. Hollywood stars joined music entertainers in asking listeners and viewers to pledge cash donations to charities helping the victims of the September 11th attacks. Actors,including Tom Hanks,Julia Roberts,Tom Cruise and Clint Eastwood,told stories of heroic acts by people who tried to save others from the burning World Trade Center and the Pentagon.Former heavyweight champion Muhammad Ali made a rare public appearance in a show of support. The appeals alternated with performances by such popular entertainers as Bruce Springsteen,Mariah Carey,Stevie Wonder,Paul Simon and the rock band U—2. They appeared on stages in New York,Los Angeles and London,decorated with hundreds of burning candles. Singer Billy Joel sang “New York State of Mind”with a New York City firefighter’s hat on his piano.Sting dedicated his song “Fragile”to a friend who died in the World Trade Center.Stevie Wonder condemned hatres in the name of religion before singing his song “Love’s in Need of Love Today”.Pledge phones were manned by dozens of other celebrities,including Jack Nicholson,Meg Ryan,Whoopie Goldberg,Cindy Crawford,Al Pacino and Sylvester Stallone. Organizers say the two-hour telethon raised millions of dollars.All participants,from stars to stagehands,worked without pay. Question:5.The underlined word “telethon” most probably means ________. A.a performance to raise money B.a concert held by some television networks C.a television program which lasts a long time D.a television program for entertainment ●案例探究 1.A child’s birthday party doesn’t have to be a hassle;it can be a basket of fun,according to Beth Anaclerio,an Evaston mother of two,ages 4 and 18 months. “Having a party at home usually requires a lot of running around on the part of the parents,and often the birthday boy or girl gets lost in wild excitement.But it really doesn’t have to be that way,”said Anaclerio.Last summer,Anaclerio and her friend Jill Carlisle,a Northbrook mother of a 2-year-old,founded a home party-planning business called “A Party in a Basket”.Their goal is to help parents and children share in the fun part of party planning,like choosing the subject or making a cake,while they take care of everything. Drawing on their experiences as mothers,they have created(制作) 10 ready-to-use,home party packages.Everything a family needs to plan a party,except the cake and ice cream,is delivered to the home in a large basket. “Our parties are aimed for children 2 to 10,”Anaclerio said,“and they’re very interactive(互动)　and creative in that they build a sense of drama based on a subject.For example,at the Soda Shoppe party the guests become waiters and waitresses and build wonderful ice cream creations.” The standard ＄200 package for eight children includes a basket filled with invitation,gifts,games and prizes,paper goods,a party planner and the like.For more information,call Anaclerio at 708-864-6584 or Carlisle at 708-205-9141. Question:What does the underlined word “hassle”(Paragraph 1) probably mean? A.a party designed by specialists　　　　　　　　　　　　B.a plan requiring careful thought C.a situation causing difficulty or trouble　　　　　　D.a demand made by guests 命题意图：本题考查学生通过上下文猜测词义的能力，实际上也是考查学生的推理判断能力。 错解分析：本题错解的原因主要是反义词领会不准确。 解题方法与技巧：（1）通读全文，抓文章大意，可知文章旨在推荐一种home party-planning business，其目的在于帮助父母及孩子筹办家庭晚会，从而把此工作化麻烦为乐趣。（2）仔细观察首段文字，“doesn’t have to be a hassle”和“can be a basket of fun” 互为反义，故可以推出答案。 答案：C 2.LONDON(Reuters)—Organic fruit,delivered right　to the doorstep.That is what Gabriel Gold prefers,and he is willing to pay for it.If this is not possible,the 26-year-old computer technician will spend the extra money at the supermarket to buy organic food. “Organic produce is always better,”Gold said.“The food is free of pesticides(农药),and you are generally supporting family farms instead of large farms.And more often than not it is locally(本地) grown and seasonal,so it is more tasty.”Gold is one of a growing number of shoppers buying into the organic trend,and supermarkets across Britain are counting on more like him as they grow their organic food business.But how many shoppers really know what they are getting,and why are they willing to pay a higher price for organic produce?Market research shows that Gold and others who buy organic food can generally give clear reason for their preferences—but their knowledge of organic food is far from complete.For example,small amounts of pesticides can be used on organic products.And about three quarters of organic food in Britain is not local but imported(进口) to meet growing demand.“The demand for organic food is increasing by about one third every year,so it is a very fast-growing market,” said Sue Flock,a specialist in this line of business. Question:What is the meaning of “the organic trend” as the words are used in the text? A.growing interest in organic food　　　　　　　　　　　　　 B.better quality of organic food C.rising market for organic food　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 D.higher prices of organic food 命题意图：考查学生通过推理判断来猜测词义的能力。 错解分析：本题错解的原因主要在于太孤立地看待相关语句，没能把上下文串起来。 解题方法与技巧：（1）通读全文，了解全文大意：越来越多的人热衷于有机食品。 （2）联系上下文。由第一段“That(即Organic fruit) is what Gabriel Gold prefers”,第二段“Organic produce is always better,Gold said.”可知Gold对Organic food深感兴趣，再根据“Gold is one of a growing number of shoppers buying into the organic trend,and supermarkets across Britain are counting on more like him”，可知Gold是越来越多的喜爱Organic food的购物者中的一员，而且全英国的超级市场也正依赖（count on）越来越多的像他这样的人（来赚钱）。因此可得出答案。 答案：A ●锦囊妙计 1.通读全文，领会大意。 2.对上下文进行逻辑推理。 3.利用同义词、反义词、近义词、构词法（派生、合成、转化）等推测词义。 4.依靠自己的生活常识和社会经验进行判断。 ●歼灭难点训练 A For more than twenty years scientists have been searching for signs of life on other planets. Most of these searches have been done over the radio. The hope is that someone in outer space may be trying to get in touch with us. Scientists also have sent radio and television messages on spaceships traveling through space,on the chance that someone may be receptive to such messages. Scientists are using powerful radio telescopes to listen to signals from about 1 000 stars,all within 100 light years of Earth.In addition,they will scan(扫视） the entire sky to “listen” for radio messages from more distant stars. Using a computer, they will be able to monitor more than eight channels at one time. Scientists are looking for any signal that stands out from the background noise. Of the 200 billion stars in the Milky Way galaxy（银河星系）, scientists find that five percent are like our sun. Perhaps half of them have a planet like Earth. Such a planet would be a reasonable distance from the star for temperatures to be right for the evolution(进化） of　life. Based on the inhabitable(that can be lived in) planets in our galaxy,most scientists agree that chances are likely that one or more of these planets support some life. However, many scientists wonder whether intelligent(有智力的） life exists on other planets.Some believe that twenty years of searching without any intelligible messages shows that no one is out there. They say that the evolution of intelligence comparable to ours is unlikely. Other scientists believe that our search hasn’t been long enough to rule out the possibility that intelligent life exists in our galaxy. Although our sun family is only about five billion years old, our galaxy is about 20 billion years old. In that time,some scientists think it is likely that civilization(文明） much more advanced than ours have developed. Perhaps these civilizations send us no signals; perhaps we have not recognized the signals they have sent us. If we hope to find intelligent life, these scientists believe that we have to keep looking. 1.The underlined word “monitor” in the passage means “________”. A.find　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 B.follow C.check　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　D.form B Internet shopping is a new way of shopping. You no longer need to walk round hundreds of shops looking for the items you need. Nowadays, you can shop for just about anything from your armchair. All you need is a computer which is linked to the Internet. Shopping on the Internet is becoming increasingly popular. In the United States, 50 per cent of families have computers at home and almost one third are linked to the Internet. Americans spent over US ＄2.5 billion on Internet shopping in 1998. This figure is expected to reach US ＄11 billion by the year 2004. People can shop for a variety of products on the Internet. Physical products include things such as books, CDs, clothes and food. These types of products are the most common purchases(购入品) through the Internet. You can also buy information products such as on-line news or magazine stories, or you can download computer software through the Internet. Services such as booking airline tickets, reserving(预定） hotels or renting cars are also available(可得到的) on the Internet. You can also go shopping on the Internet for entertainment services and take part in on-line games or e-mail “chats”. 2.The phrase “physical products” in  the second paragraph means things _____. A.that can be seen or felt　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　B.useful for health care C.that help you keep fit　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 D.connected with sports C TERNANG，Mon—More than 10 000 people were made homeless in Ternang when the Sungai Mas overflowed its banks yesterday after six days of continuous heavy rain. Flooding first appeared at mid-afternoon yesterday along the river banks.People straggling higher ground were just in time to get away from the destroy of the flood.Most of the flood victims had to leave their possessions behind. The flood victims are now housed in various make-shift relief centers in the nearby town of Tulang. “Everything possible is being done to help the unfortunate people.”A government spokesman said,“In fact,money,food and clothing have begun to come in from public-spirited organizations and generous persons.” According to latest reports it is still raining heavily at Ternang.The whole town is expected to be totally covered by water.So far no casualty has been reported. 3.The word“casualty”in the last sentence means________. A.the house that is being built B.the money that is given to the victims C.the person killed or injured in an accident D.the things lost in the flood D If women are exploited(剥削) year after year,they have only themselves to blame.Because they shake at the thought of being seen in public in clothes that are out of fashion(时髦),they are always taken advantage of by the designers and the big stores.Clothes which have been worn only a few times have to be put aside because of the change of fashion.When you come to think of it,only a woman is capable of standing in front of a wardrobe(衣柜) packed full of clothes and announcing sadly that she has nothing to wear. Changing fashions are nothing more than the creation of waste on purpose.Many women spend vast sums of money each year to replace clothes that have hardly been worn.Women who cannot afford to throw away clothing in this way,waste hours of their time changing the dresses they have.Skirts are lengthened or shortened;neck-lines are lowered or raised,and so on. No one can declare that the fashion industry contributes anything really important to society.Fashion designers are seldom concerned with important things like warmth,comfort and durability(耐用).They are only interested in outward appearance and they take advantage of the fact that women will put up with any amount of discomfort,as long as they look right.There can hardly be a man who hasn’t at some time in his life smiled at the sight of a woman shaking in a thin dress on a winter day,or picking her away through deep snow in high-heeled shoes. When comparing men and women in the matter of fashion, the conclusions to be drawn are obvious.Do the constantly changing fashions of women’s clothes,one wonders,show basic qualities of inconstancy and instability(不稳定性)?Men are too clever to let themselves be cheated by fashion designers.Do their unchanging styles of dress show basic qualities of stability and reliability?That is for you　to decide. 4.By saying “the conclusions to be drawn are obvious”,the writer means that ______. A.women’s inconstancy in their choice of clothing is often laughed at B.women are better able to put up with discomfort C.men are also exploited greatly by fashion designers D.men are more reasonable in the matter of fashion E I had applied for the nuclear submarine (潜艇)program,and Admiral Rickover was interviewing me for the job.It was the first time I met Admiral Rickover,and we sat in a large room by ourselves for more than two hours,and he let me choose any subjects I wished to discuss.Very carefully,I chose those about which I knew most at the time—current events,seamanship,music,literature, naval tactics,electronics,gunnery—and he began to ask me a series of questions of increasing difficulty.In each instance,he soon proved that I knew relatively little about the subjects I had chosen. He always looked right into my eyes,and he never smiled.I was saturated with cold sweat. Finally,he asked me a question and I thought I could recover myself.He said,“How did you stand in your class at Georgia Tech before entering Annapolis as a first year student?”I had done very well,and I swelled my chest with pride and answered,“Sir,I stood fifty-ninth in a class of 820!”I sat back to wait for the congratulations—which never came.Instead,the question:“Did you do your best?”I started to say,“Yes,sir,”but I remembered who this was,and recalled several of my times at the Academy when I could have learned more about our allies（二战时的同盟国）,our enemies,weapons strategy,and so forth.I was just human.I finally gulped and said,“No.Sir,I didn’t always do my best.” He looked at me for a long time,and then turned his chair around to end the interview.He asked one final question,which I have never been able to forget—or to answer.He said,“Why not?”I sat there for a while,shaken,and then slowly left the room. 5.The word “saturated”in the second paragraph may probably mean ________. A.satisfied　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 B.completely wet C.shameful　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　D.separated F In recent years many countries of the world have been faced with the problem of how to make their workers more productive. Some experts claim the answer is to make jobs more varied . But do more various jobs lead to greater productivity ?There is evidence to suggest that while variety certainly makes the worker’s life more enjoyable, it does not actually makes him work harder. As far as increasing productivity is concerned, then variety is not an important factor. Other experts feel that giving the worker freedom to do his job in his own way is important , and there is no doubt that this is true. The problem is that this kind of freedom cannot easily be given in the modern factory with its complicated machinery which must be used in a fixed way. Thus while freedom of choice may be important , there is usually very little that can be done to create it . Another very important consideration is how each worker contributes to the product he is making . In most factories the worker sees only one part of the product. Some car factories are now experimenting with having many small production lines rather than one large one,so that each worker contributes more to the production of the cars on his line.It would seem that not only is degree of the worker contribution an important factor, therefore, but it is also one we can do something about. To what extent does more money lead to greater productivity?The workers themselves certainly think this is important . But perhaps they want more money only because the work they do is boring. Money just lets them enjoy their spare time more.A similar argument may explain　demands for shorter working hours. Perhaps if we succeed in making their jobs more interesting , they will neither want more money, nor will shorten working hours be so important to them. 6.In the article, the word“productivity” means________. A.the activity of producing something 　　　　　　　 B.the production volume in a time unit C.the plan and the method of production　　　　　　 D.both the quantity and quality of a product G One of the qualities that most people admire in others is the willingness to admit one’s mistakes.It is extremely hard sometimes to say a simple thing like “I was wrong about that,”and it is even harder to say,“I was wrong,and you were right about that.” I had an experience recently with someone admitting to me that he had made a mistake fifteen years ago.He told me he had been the manager of a certain store in the neighbourhood where I grew up,and he asked me if I remembered the egg cartons (in many countries,eggs are sold by the dozen and are put in cartons).Then he related an incident (event,matter)and I began to remember unclearly the incident he was describing. I was about eight years old at the time.I went into the store with my mother to do some shopping.On that particular day,I must have found my way to the food department where the incident took place. There must have been a special sale on eggs that day because there were lots of eggs in dozen and half-dozen cartons.The cartons were put three or four feet high.I must have stopped in front of the piles of egg cartons.Just then a woman came by pushing her shopping cart and knocked off the cartons.For some reason,I decided it was up to me to put the eggs back together,so I went to work. The manager heard the noise and came rushing over to see what had happened.When he appeared,I was on my knees looking at some of the cartons to see if any of the eggs were broken,but to him it looked as though I was the one who just did it.He severely reprimanded me and wanted me to pay for any broken eggs.I tried to explain,but it did no good.Even though I quickly forgot all about the incident,it is plain that the manager did not. 7.The word “reprimanded”in the last paragraph most exactly means “________”. A.frightened　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 B.scolded C.warned　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 D.comforted H Tony Bennett,the American singer recently touring Britain,can’t remember how many times he has sung his standard hit “I Left My Heart In San Francisco.”He sang it again to his audience at the London Palladium last night. “I never get tired of singing it,”he said,“I like it too much.It’s a great city and it’s a good song.” Bennett is to record a TV special with American singer Lena Home while he is here.And a new LP recorded by him in London for Philips titled “Listen Easy” will be published in June. “I like it here,”he added quietly over whiskey.“I would like to live here so many months of the year.” He already keeps a large flat in Grosvenor Square,where he is staying with his actress wife Sandie Grant and their three-year-old daughter Joanna.It has a studio where he likes to paint.Tony plans to have his first exhibition later in the year and he has already sold one picture ＄4 000.At the end of the year Tony is to star in a musical film which has been specially written for him called “Two Bits,” an informal expression for 50 cents.It’s about an Italian immigrant(移民) who goes to America,but he becomes a failure. “In many ways it’s very close to my life the way the story has been written,”said Bennett.“My father,an Italian,was ill and died when I was nine.He always wanted me to sing,but he never lived long enough to be a part of my success.” The film is to be made by Italy’s top director Vittoria De Sica. 8. The　phrase “standard hit” most nearly means ________. A.Bennett’s favourite song but it’s not very popular B.a song that is always popular C.a song which makes him standard D.a song which is like a heavy blow to his audience 专题26　斤斤计较的数字计算题 数字计算题往往涉及多处信息，这就要求学生要处处留心、斤斤计较，方能解答正确。 ●难点磁场 A The Grange 15 Lamb’s Mews London SW19 1PF 19th January Dear Ms Hawthorne I am writing to express my disappointment with the evening my wife and I spent at your restaurant two nights ago.While the food was,as usual,very good,I regret to inform you that the service from our waiter,Max,was most unsatisfactory. First of all,when we arrived,we discovered our table overlooking the garden had been given away to some other customers.The new table we finally received was by the door and when I complained,Max just laughed. Furthermore,as we were sitting down,he was extremely familiar with my wife,which deeply made her uncomfortable.When our meal came,he served the food casually and at the end cleared the plates in a most rude fashion. Regarding the payment of service,I noticed your menu which says that the matter of rewarding service is at the willingness of the guest.In addition,I should point out that on other occasions I have left at least 12 percent.This time,I felt right in leaving nothing. I regret having to write this letter,but as a regular customer I am extremely displeased and did not expect to be treated in this manner.I look forward to hearing from you with a satisfactory reply,or,if you prefer,we could meet in person to resolve this matter. Yours sincerely, Rupert Metcalf 1.Mr Metcalf had dinner in the restaurant on ________. A.16th January　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 B.17th January C.18th January　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 D.19th January 2.How many complaints does Mr Metcalf have in his letter? A.One.　　　　　　　　　　　　B.Two.　　　　　　　　　　　　 C.Four.　　　　　　　　　　　 D.Six. B Have you ever noticed,when looking at a map of the world ,that the east coast of South America and the west coast of Africa look as though they might fit together?If you have,you are not alone,In 1965 the English scientist Sir Edward Bullard used a computer to test the fit of the two continents and found that at an ocean depth of 2000 metres the match was very close indeed. It seems too remarkable to be possible,but there is a lot of evidence(证据) to suggest that Africa was once joined to South America.For example,there is a belt of ancient rocks along the east coast of Brazil which is similar to the rocks across the South Atlantic in West Africa. There is further evidence that existing land masses were once linked.The remains of a 400-to-500-million-year-old mountain chain has been found running down the eastern part of Greenland,western Scandinavia,and through north-west Scotland and Ireland,into western Canada, eventually finding their way to north-west Africa. Then there is the evidence from life itself.In various parts of the world today the same animals and plants can be found on land masses separated by,in some cases,thousands of miles of oceans.Did they develop at the same time in two different places?It seems unlikely.Biologists believe that there must have been land bridges which have now sunk beneath the sea.Also fossils(化石) found in sedimentary rocks (fossils are the preserved remains of life forms)　have allowed geologists to trace the same plants from South America,and Antarctica(北极) in rocks perhaps 300 million years old. The ice that is now confined to(限制) the polar regions（北极或南极地区)has not always been so limited in extent.Indeed,during a period of the Earth’s history　known as the permocarboniferous age(二叠石炭纪) about 250~350 million years ago　there is evidence from the rocks that there were glaciers covering South America,parts of Africa,India,Australia,as well as Antarctica.On the other hand,in the northern hemisphere(北半球),there were deserts.If the continents sparead out as they are  today,it is hard to understand how this could be. So there is considerable evidence to show whole continents moved apart,and naturally many people have tried to discover how and why whole land masses moved. 3.How many proofs does the author give in the passage? A.3.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　B.6. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　C.4.　　　　　　　　　　 D.7. C The outburst of joy at the success of China’s national football team in reaching the World Cup finals easily matched the scenes of celebration which attended Beijing’s Olympic bid win. It’s little surprise:football fans had waited 44 years for that moment—three times longer than the seemingly endless World Trade Organization negotiations(谈判)！ The 53-year-old Serb coach(教练) Bora Milutinovic is regarded now as nothing less than a saviour by football fans used to years of broken dreams and bitter setbacks. Best known to fans as Milu,he has been believed by many with playing a major role in helping the Chinese team win its tickets to the 2002 World Cup being co-hosted by South Korea and Japan. Having already guided Mexico,Costa Rica,Nigeria and the United States to the World Cup finals,Bora Milutinovic managed to continue his winning streak in China.He made it clear however last Friday in Shenyang Wulihe Stadium that he preferred not to be seen as a miracle worker. Before guiding the Chinese team to the finals,Milu was one of only two coaches in the world to take four national sides to the final stages.The other one is Carlos Alberto Parreir.Milu however is the only man to take all for teams to the second round of the finals.And now he was gone on better taking the fifth team to the finals. 4.The negotiation of China’s entering the WTO has lasted about ________ years. A.44.　　　　　　　　　　　　　 B.15.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　C.22.　　　　　　　　　　D.10 ●案例探究 1.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　JULY MON. TUES. WED. THURS. FRI. SAT. SUN. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Ms. Rossi owns the Roadside Motel(汽车游客旅馆)，which has 50 units.She wishes to keep a handy record of the number of units occupied(住房，占有).To do this she uses a calendar and writes the number of units occupied in a small box in the upper right-hand comer of each date.The following questions are based on the occupancy rate for July. 1.The total number of units occupied during the week of July 14 through July 20 was ______. A.240　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　B.239　　　　　　　　　　C.244　　　　　　　　　　　　　 D.234 2.The average occupancy rate for Thursday was ________. A.27　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 B.31　　　　　　　　　　　C.29　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 D.28 3.Ms. Rossi regards a 90% occupancy rate as excellent.On how many days during the month did the Roadside Motel have a 90% or better rate of occupancy? A.5.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 B.4.　　　　　　　　　　　C.6.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 D.1. 命题意图:考查学生的观察能力、综合运用多条信息进行数据处理的能力。 错解分析：（1）读图不仔细；（2）对文章和题干中的关键词汇把握不准确。 解题方法与技巧：（1）仔细阅读本文的文字说明部分，准确把握图表内容；（2）仔细分析题干，抓牢关键词。（3）根据“She uses a calendar and　writes the number of units occupied in a small box in the upper right-hand corner of each date”，可知第1题做法为：将7月14日~20日之间的数量相加；第2题做法是：将星期四的总数相加再取平均；根据“Which has 50 units”，和题干的第一句话，可知第3题的做法为：50×90%=45,从表中选取大于或等于45的数目，可推出答案。 答案：1.D　　　　　　　　　 2.A　　　　　　　　　　　 3.B 2.“Let’s go down one more,push your enter key…”says a volunteer helping senior citizens work a web session on the Internet. David Lansdale has found a way to light up the lives of the elderly.He gets them wired to the Internet.“If you hit　your enter key,it will bring up this particular e-mail…” Pauline Allen is one of those who has started using the Internet.“I thought I was through with life,I was ready for a rocking chair,because I was 86 years old.And I haven’t found the rocking chair yet.”“You found the keyboard?”asks the reporter.“That’s right,I found the keyboard.” The average age of Lansdale’s students is around 68.All are in nursing or assisted care homes.He used family relationships to introduce them to the World Wide Web. David Lansdale says,“Here they are in California,the family was back　in New York,the opportunity to connect,to cross the time and space,was incredibly precious opportunity to them.” “I hear you are so beautiful.” Lillian Sher writes an e-mail to a newborn greatgranddaughter. Working with one another,the senior learn as a group.They learn to master the Internet and to overcome what Lansdale calls the maladies of the institutionalized:loneliness,helplessness,boredom, and loss of memory. Mary Harvey says,“Bingo just doesn’t interest me.But this does,believe me,this does.” Ninety-four year old Ruth Hyman is a star pupil and instructor.She says,“When I send a letter to my grandchildren,and great grandchildren,they hang it up in their offices,just like I used to hang their drawings on my refrigerator.Ha,ha.” David Lansdale says,“There’s a collective benefit.There is an element of treatment.Remember we started as a support group.” Dixon Moorehouse says,“I just wish I was 15 years old and getting to learn all this.”The senior call their weekly meetings Monday Night Live.And many say the meetings have given them new life. Ruth Hyman says,“Three years ago,they told me I wasn’t going to live.But I showed them,and got work,and I’ve worked ever since.” 4.How many examples does the writer give to prove that the senior enjoy the Internet? A.Four.　　　　　　　　 B.Five.　　　　　　　　　C.Six.　　　　　　　　　 D.Seven. 命题意图：考查学生阅读理解和推理判断的能力。 错解分析：此题错答C项的学生很多。错误原因主要在于太过粗心而造成的重复计数。 解题方法与技巧：（1）通读全文，理解文章大意，弄清文中众多的人物及其语言。（2）文章主要讲述老年人学习上网的情况，其中David Lansdale是这一活动的举办者，不应算在本题所要求的数目之内，末段的Ruth Hyman前文已经出现，不应重复计数，故文章中所列实例分别是：Pauline Allen、Lillian Sher、Mary Harvey、Ruth Hyman和Dixon Moorehouse共五人。 答案：B ●锦囊妙计 1.上下文统筹又兼顾，阅读仔细又周到。 2.题干研读需细心，关键词汇要抓牢。 3.图表不放过，文字更重要。 4.切忌重复计数或丢三落四。 ●歼灭难点训练 A China recorded fewer traffic accidents in 2001 than in 2000 and a lower going continued in January this year. The traffic accidents in 2001 totaled 270 000 fewer by 20 000 than in 2000. But the number of the dead for 2001 was 54 000, an increase of 1 000 from the year before. The increase was not as slow as that in recent years. A government official said in Beijing yesterday that 3 821 persons were killed in highway traffic accidents last month, a drop of 12.8 percent from January 2001. He also said there were 21 201 traffic accidents in the first month of the year, 10.1 percent fewer than January last year, and 11 700 people injured. The traffic accidents last year caused a loss worth 27.32 million yuan, about 2.9 million US dollars. Economic Daily also said 170 000 persons were injured in the traffic accidents in 2001, fewer by 10 000 than in 2000.  (From China Daily, February 16, 2002) 1.In 2000 the total number of the traffic accidents was ________. A.20 000　　　　　　　　　　　B.250 000　　　　　　　　　　 C.290 000　　　　　　　　　　D.310 000 2. n 2000 ________ persons were killed in the traffic accidents. A.1 000　　　　　　　　　　　　B.53 000　　　　　　　　　　　C.54 000　　　　　　　　　　　D.55 000 3.Which is true according to the news report? A.The traffic accidents in 2002 will go up continuously. B.Economic Daily said the traffic accidents caused a loss worth 2.9 million US dollars in 2000. C.In January 2002, there were 3 821 highway traffic accidents. D.There were more traffic accidents in January 2001 than in January 2002. B Microwaves that transmit television signals always travel in straight lines. Because the earth is round, it is impossible to send live television over a long distance. For example, if we tried to send television signals directly from Europe to America, the microwaves carrying the signals would shoot into space over the Atlantic and would never reach America. If we want to send television signals around the surface of the earth, we must send them from point to point by the relay system. On land we can set up relay stations(转播站） for this purpose, and we can pass signals from station to station in a series of straight lines. However, we cannot do this so easily over water. In order to send pictures directly across the Atlantic, for example, we would need to build a chain of relay stations across the ocean, which is about 3 000 miles wide. One choice would be to build one great tower in the middle of the ocean. But the tower would have to be 500 miles high! Both of these ideas are impossible. So we use the communication satellite thousands of miles in outer space to relay the television signals across the Atlantic. A satellite receives the picture signals in a straight line from the ground station on one side of the Atlantic, from England, for example. Then it sends signals down again. Also in a straight line, to the ground station on the other side of the Atlantic in the United States. The communication satellite must be within the view of both ground stations at the same time. 4.According to the passage, if we want to receive the TV programme all over the world freely, how many satellites shall we have at least? A.Two.　　　　　　　　　　　　B.Three.　　　　　　　　　　　 C.Four.　　　　　　　　 D.Five. C A breakthrough in the provision of energy from the sun for the European Union (EU) could be brought forward by up to two decades,if a modest increase　could be provided in the EU’s research effort in this field,according to the senior EU scientists engaged in experiments in solar energy at EU’s scientific laboratories at Ispra,near Milan. The senior West German scientist in charge of the EU’s solar energy programme,Mr. Joachim Gretz,told reporters that at present levels of research spending,it was most unlikely that solar energy would provide as much as three per cent of the EU’s energy requirements even after the year 2010.But they said that with a modest increase in the present sums,devoted by the EU to this work it was possible that the breakthrough could be achieved by the end of the next decade. Mr. Gretz figures out that if solar energy only provided three percent of the EU’s needs,this could still produce a saving of about a billion dollars in the present bill for imported energy each year.And he believes that with the possibility of using more advanced technology in this field it might be possible to satisfy a much bigger share of the EU’s future energy needs. At present the EU spends about ＄2.6 million a year on solar research at Ispra,one of the EU’s official joint research centres,and another ＄3 million a year in indirect research with universities and other independent bodies. 5.According to Mr. Gretz,the present sum of money will enable the scientists to provide ________. A.more than 3% of th EU needs after the year 2010 B.only 3% of the EU needs before the year 2010 C.less than 3% of the EU needs before the year 2010 D.only 3% of the EU needs even after the year 2010 D Do you love holidays, but hate the increase in weight that follows? You are not alone. Holidays are times for splendid meals and celebrating, especially with the cultural foods of our heritage. With proper planning, though, it is possible to maintain (保持) normal weight during the holidays. The idea is to enjoy the holidays and think in terms of moderation (节制). Whether it is celebrating at the office party or sitting down for the traditional family dinner, approach (看待) eating as a time for tasting or sampling a variety of foods. Here are some tips to carry you through the round of celebrations and your social calendar without feeling having done wrong. Set realistic goals. Unless you have special dietary needs, there are no forbidden foods. Don’t turn down the foods you enjoy, but be sensible. Don’t skip meals. Before you leave home, have a small, low-fat meal or snack. This can help you to avoid excessive eating or drinking. Control portions (食量). Use a small luncheon-size plate and avoid the large platters that may encourage you to “load up”. You should be most comfortable eating an amount of food about the size of your fist. Once you have had your “tasting” serving, move away from the buffet. Doing so will make it less tempting to be eating constantly as your appetite is stimulated by the sight of food. Eat slowly and savor. Approach eating as a time for lasting or sampling a range of foods. Savor the flavors. Eat at a leisurely pace. Fill up before hand with clear soup and raw fruit or vegetables and fruit in a yogurt dressing rather than cream and cheese sauces. Drink a large glass of water before you eat to help you feel full. If you have a sweet tooth, try mints, hard candies, and fruits. These don’t have the fat content of creamy desserts and chocolate. Maintain physical activity. Don’t let exercise take a break during the holidays.  A 20-minute brisk walk after a meal can help burn off excess calories. Avoid high-fat foods. Dishes that look oily or creamy may have a generous amount of fat. Choose lean meats. Fill your plate with salad and green vegetables. 6.How many pieces of advice does the writer offer in the passage? A.10.　　　　　　　　　　　　　 B.9.　　　　　　　　　　　C.8.　　　　　　　　　　　D.7. E They are among the 250 000 people under the age of 25 who are out of work in the Newtherlands,a group that explains the cause of 40 percent of the nation’s unemployed.A storm of anger boils up at the government-sponsored(政府资助的) youth center,event among those who are continuing their studies. “We study for jobs that don’t exist,”Nicollete Steggerda,23,said. After thirty years of prosperity,unemployment among 10 member nations of the European Community has reached as much as 11 percent,affecting a total of 12.3 million people,and the number is climbing. The bitter disappointment long expressed by British youths is spreading across the Continent.The title of a rock song “No Future” can now be seen written on the brick walls of closed factories in Belgium and France. Recent surveys have found that the increasing argument in the last few years over the deployment(部署) in Europe of North Atlantic Treaty Organization missiles and the possibility of nuclear war have clouded European youths’ confidence(信心) in the future. One form of protest(an action that shows disagreement) tends to put the responsibility for a country’s economic troubles on the large numbers of “guest workers” from Third World nations,people welcomed in Western Europe in the years of prosperity. Young Europeans,brought up in an extended period of economic success and general stability,seem to be similar to Americans more than they do their own parents.Material enjoyment has given them a sense of expectation,even the right,to a standard of living that they see around them. “And so we pass the days at the discos,or meet people at the cafe,and sit and stare,”said Isabella Cault.“There is usually not much conversation.You look for happiness.Sometimes you even find it.” 7.Unemployment in the Netherlands has affected ________. A.about 0.6 million people 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　B.250 000 people C.less than half of the population 　　　　　　　　　　　D.one million people F The Princeville Country Market was held six days a week.The attendance(顾客人数) for Thursday,Friday and Saturday was reported as shown below: Day Number of People Thursday 3 168 Friday 5 879 Saturday 9 267 3 168 is nearer to 3 000 than 3 500,so 3 000 is a number rounded to the nearest 500. Can you make a horizontal bar graph(水平线条图) showing the daily attendance at the market for the above three days rounded to the nearest 500? The following is a horizontal bar graph showing the daily attendance for Sunday,Monday and Tuesday. The manager of the market studied the horizontal bar graph and found it more careful to him than any other kind of graph,because it showed him most clearly on which day he had the largest attendance.He acted according(相应地) and thus balanced his buying and selling. 8.The horizontal bar graph showing the daily attendance for Thursday,Friday and Saturday should be ________. 9.What is the total attendance for the six days? A.38 500 　　　　　　　　　　　　　 B.44 000 　　　　　　　　　　 C.36 000 　　　　　　 D.46 500 10.Between which two days was the difference in attendance the greatest? A.Saturday and Tuesday. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　B.Monday and Thursday. C.Sunday and Thursday. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　D.Sunday and Tuesday. 难点27 词语搭配能力看基础 　　 　　NMET完形填空题中考查词汇意义及用法、惯用法和搭配的题目逐年增多。 　　词语搭配能力不但考查考生对基础知识的掌握，而且考查考生对全文语境的把握，做好此类题既得有扎实的基本功，又得有上下文把握文意的能力。 　　●难点磁场 　　1.What is intelligence anyway? When I was in the army I received an intelligence test that all soldiers took, and against 37 of 100, scored 160. 　　(NMET2002) 　　A. an average B. a total C. an exam D. a number 　　2.Consider my auto-repair man again. He had a habit of telling 45 . 　　(NMET2002) 　　A. lies B. jokes C. news D. tales 　　3.The native people said they 38 this creature and called it the“ Yeti” and they said they had even caught Yetis on two occasions though none has been produced as evidence. 　　(NMET2001) 　　A. heard from B. cared for C. knew of D. read about 　　4.“Damn!” he screamed his face red, I knew trouble was ahead. Whenever Dad’s face turns red, 30 !… How could I ever 31 him to finish unloading the car without screaming at me and making a scene in front of the other girls, girls I would have to spend the 33 of the years with? (NMET2000) 　  (30) A. go ahead B. look out C. hold on D. give up 　　(31) A. head B. help C. encourage D. get 　　(33) A. best B. beginning C. end D. rest 　　5.“They not only make it difficult to sleep at night, but they are 30 damage to our houses and shops of historical 31 ,” said John Norris one of the protesters. 　　(NMET1999) 　　(30) A. doing B. raising C. putting D. producing 　　(31) A. scene B. period C. interest D. sense 　　●案例探究 　　1. Every morning she would give him breakfast 29 bed and bring him the papers to 30. 　　(29) A. to B. at C. in D. by 　　(30) A. check B. read C. keep D. sense 　　解析：第29题选C。 这道题考查考生对介词具体用法的掌握。in bed“在床上”，名词表示其功能不加冠词。例如：in hospital, in prison, go to school等。 　　第30题选B。此题为四星级题。在此“read the papers”是“读报”的意思，A、C、D不符合意思，从上文推断Mrs. Fant对儿子疼爱有加，give him breakfast in bed and bring him the papers to read. paper当“纸”讲时，不可数，“a piece of paper”,但“papers”表示“论文、试卷”。 　　2.The parade was full of sound and colour. But when John and his fellow soldiers came in sight. Some of the people watching 47 laughing at the one who couldn’t keep pace with the others as they marched along.… They’re all out of 50 except my John! Isn’t he the best!” 　　(47)A. couldn’t help B. shouldn’t burst out 　　C. stopped D. kept 　　(50)A. sign B. order C. mind D. step 　  解析：第47题选A。 “观看的人都禁不住笑了起来”“can’t help doing”禁不住…… 　　e.g.I couldn’t help laughing when I saw the funny performance. 　　第50题选D。 out of step 译为“步调不一致”“out of order”“没顺序，乱七八糟”;out of mind“心不在焉”。 　　3. Here’s a fellow who just 28 into a bank and helps himself 29 so much money. 　　(28) A. walks B. looks C. marches D. drives 　　(29) A. for B. to C. by D. of 　　解析：第28题选A。walk into “走进……”，look into “向……里看，调查”，march行军；drive into“开进……”，从上文可知，持枪人闯进了银行，并拿走了钱，故排除了B项；C项是“行军”的意思，不符合题意；从下文中又知此人劫了一辆车，说明持枪人没有开车来，故排除D项。 　　第29题选B。“help oneself to sth.”惯用法。在这里是“擅自去取”的意思。 　　4.But all of us are called 44 daily to make a great many personal decisions. 　　(44) A. out B. for C. up D. upon 　　解析：此题要求考生区别有关call动词的几个短语的意思。call upon / on sb. to do sth.“号召某人做某事”；call out译为“招呼某人出来”；call for“要求”；call up“打电话给……”；而本句的意思“号召我们去做决定”应选D。 　　●锦囊妙计 　　结合上下文，把握文意，研读细节，准确认识语境，才能做好这类题目。不以单纯的词汇辨析或语法角度去做题，以能否表达文意，作为选择答案的标准。 　　常考虑的搭配有：介词与动词、动词与副词、介词与副词、动词与名词、介词短语、动词短语、名词词组、动词。 　　●歼灭难点训练 　　1.They found a cat tied with a piece of rope 1 the tail of the Mullah’s Donkey ! 　　A. with B. on C. to D. around 　　2.Jenkins was a jeweler, who had made a large diamond ring worth ＄57 000 for the Silkstone Jewellery shop. When it was ready, he made a copy of it which looked 2 like the first one but was worth only ＄2 000. 　　A. only B. surely C. nearly D. exactly 　　3.Scientists are doing a research 3 her. They want to see how civilized. She can become. Already she does many things a human being can do . 　　A. for B. by C. to D. on 　　4.Instead she wrote on the blackboard the above words by Thomas Macaulay. She then ordered us to 4 these words into our exercise-books one hundred times. 　　A. repeat B. get C. put D. copy 　　5.All I would like to do is to 5 you of some of the advantage and disadvantages of going to live abroad. 　　A. warn B. remind C. ask D. question 　　6.You have some relatives and friends in America already, so you have someone to turn 6 when you need help or are feeling homesick. 　　A. on B. up C. down D. to 　　7.It happened once, however, some seventy years ago, that the gold cup was stolen a few days before the race! The police 7 for it all over the county but could not found it. 　　A. searched B. asked C. waited D. cared 　　8.The witty speech of the famous American author 8 a shout of laughter. 　　A. was meeting B. asked C. was met D. met 　　9.Charley took the 9 and became a true hit-maker. 　　A. career B. change C. order D. advice 　　10.Certainly during examinations teachers and students are 10 to act like machines. 　　A. willing B. expected C. hoped D. wished 难点28 语篇情景考虑要周全 　　中学生在做完形填空题时，不善于抓住文章的主旨大意，受思维定势的影响，对文章分析不透，导致理解上出现偏差，甚至和文章的中心相悖，所以做完形填空时，语篇情景考虑要周全。 　　●难点磁场 　　1.I had an auto-repair man once, who, on these intelligence tests, could not 　　38 have scored more than 80. 39 when anything went wrong with my car I hurried to him and he always 40 it. (NMET2002) 　　(38) A. always B. possibly C. certainly D. frequently 　　(39) A. Then B. Thus C. Therefore D. Yet 　　(40) A. foxed B. checked C. drove D. changed 　　2.The story of the snowman has been around for many years.… Over the years, the story of the Yetis has 41 .… Shipton believed that they were not 42 the tracks of a monkey or a bear and 43 that the Abominable Snowman might really 44 . 　　（NMET2001） 　　(41) A. developed B. changed C. occurred D. continued 　　(42) A. entirely B. naturally C. clearly D. simply 　　(43) A. found B. declared C. felt D. doubted 　　(44) A. exist B. escape C. disappear D. return 　　3.Finally I turned the key in the lock and 40 the door open with Dad 41 complaining about a hurting knee or something. I put my head in, expecting the 42 . 　　(NMET2000) 　　(40) A. knocked B. forced C. pushed D. tried 　　(41) A. yet B. only C. even D. still 　　(42) A. worst B. chair C. best D. tea 　　●案例探究 　　1.They often accept the opinions or ideas of other people. Other times they begin to act without 27 ,they try to find a solution by trial and error. 28 , when all these methods 29 , the person with a problem has to start analyzing. There are six 30 in analyzing a problem.(NMET2001春季) 　　(27) A. practice B. thinking C. understanding D. help 　　(28) A. Besides B. Instead C. Otherwise D. However 　　(29) A. fail B. work C. change D. develop 　　(30) A. ways B. conditions C. stages D. orders 　　解析：此段几个空项都要从语篇考虑。这篇文章的主旨大意是讲人们遇到问题，经常不思考而接受别人的意见或思想，一旦失败，才会自己去分析，应怎样分析问题、解决问题。 　　第27题选B。上文的信息告诉我们，人们经常不假思索的接受一些人的意见或思想，without为介词，without thinking译为“不假思索地”。 　　第28题选D。通过上下句可知，这两句为转折关系，且语篇中用逗号隔开，选However。 　　第29题选A。表示上述分析问题的方式“不灵了”，为fail。 　　第30题选C。从下文可知，一般分析问题的方法不灵时，人们开始分六个阶段来分析问题，stage为“阶段”。 　　2.People of Burlington are being disturbed by the sound of bells. Four students from Burlington college of Higher Education are in the bell tower of the 26 and have ade up their minds to 27 the bells nonstop for two weeks as a protest against heavy trucks which run 28 through the narrow High…street…I left the church with the sound of the bells ringing in my ears. 　　(26) A. college B. village C. town D. church 　　(27) A. change B. repair C. ring D. shake 　　(28) A. now and then B. day and night 　　C. up and down D. in day and night 　　解析：第26、27、28三题都必须从语篇考虑。三道题均为五星级题。第26题答案是D。the bell tower of the church “教堂的钟塔”，从最后一句得知答案；第27题选C，从上下文得知这些学生是以“钟声”天天敲响，日日夜夜两个星期，制造噪声作为抗议，从文中的protest得知，所以敲响钟为ring the bells，让钟日日夜夜响两个星期，为day and night。28题选B。 　　3.Further efforts have been made to find out about Yetis. But the only things people have ever found were 3 foot prints. (NMET2001) 　　(3) A. clearer B. more C. possible D. rare 　　解析：选B。做此题不能孤立地去分析，而应联系前一句去理解，由前句的“Further”一词可知，此处应用比较级more。“付出更大的努力去找Yetis，但是人们找到的惟一踪迹只是更多的脚印。”若不联系上下文，此题极易误选possible。   　4.The Grand Ole Opry, in Nashville, Tennessee, has always been American’s most important concert hall for country music. Every Saturday night the place is filled to the ceiling with country music 36 .One 37 in January 1967, was a very 38 night at the Opry. For the first time, 　　a 39 man was an attraction 40 music had always been thought of as “ white music ”. 　　(36) A. people B. sound C. fans D. songs 　　(37) A. Saturday B. day C. time D. concert 　　(38) A. cold B. special C. dark D. successful 　  (39) A. young B. famous C. strong D. black 　　(40) A. classic B. country C. popular D. light 　　解析：第36题为C.从上句知道美国最重要的乡村音乐大厅是the Grand Ole Opry，里面全是乡村音乐迷“fans”，又如：football fans；第37题选A. 此题也是从上文信息获得答案，上句是“every Saturday right the place is filled to…”所以是“one Saturday in January 1967”，那么这个夜晚对于一个黑人青年歌手，对于the Grand Ole Opry来说，是个“special”night，38题选B。第39题是a black man，从下文信息获知，“country music”一直是“white music”，这一夜晚之特殊，给人以attraction，都是因为这个著名的音乐大厅里有一个黑人歌手，所以39选D；从全文及上下文看，这个歌手是唱的“country music”，所以40选B。 　　●锦囊妙计 　　1. 语篇理解要图全，不要受思维定势影响，对文意分析不透，忽视特定语境中知识的运用。 　　2. 从上下文的角度考虑，注意内在联系，避免就题论题，断章取义，忽视上下文信息，注意暗含的信息提示，找准突破口，确保文意畅通。 　　3.从逻辑推理、常识等角度考虑，挖掘文章的寓意及隐含意义。 　　●歼灭难点训练 　　1.But if they ever succeed in catching one, they may face a real 1 . Would they put it in a 2 or give it a room in a hotel? (NMET2001) 　　(1)A. decision B. situation C. subject D. problem 　　(2)A. zoo B. mountain C. museum D. laboratory 　　2.America’s latest strategy for single persons who don’t want to be single any longer has many names: speed-dating, express-date, 10-minute-dating or simply mini-date. 　　The principle is the same: why spend an 3 evening with a strategy 4 you realize after only the first few minutes that you can’t 5 the person. 　　(3) A. exciting B. entire C. interesting D. early 　　(4) A. if B. before C. until D. unless 　　(5) A. know B. comfort C. stand D. meet 　　3.Minute-date has become a 6 everywhere from computer fans in silicon valley to young people in San Francisco to the suburbs of Chicago .Gosse says the quick method to get to know each other is helpful above all for 7 singles who are not brave enough to speak to a stranger in a bar . 　　His 8 : Don’t talk about money your weight or about your former partner, but 9 about your dreams desires and hobbies. 　　(6) A. practice B. training C. tradition D. custom 　　(7) A. active B. attractive C. shy D. anxious 　　(8) A. idea B. tip C. order D. warning 　　(9) A. still B. rather C. also D. even 　　4.As the plane circled over the airport, everyone sensed that something was wrong. The plane was 10 slowly but unsteadily through the air and although the passengers had 11 their seat belts they were suddenly 12 forward. At that moment the airhostess appeared. She looked very 13 , but she was quite 14 . 　　(10) A. moving B. running C. taking off D. landing 　　(11) A. had B. taken C. tied D. fastened 　　(12) A. put B. thrown C. taken D. suffered 　　(13) A. beautiful B. sad C. weak D. pale 　　(14) A. skilled B. thin C. calm D. worried